Memory, in general, refers to people's perception of, experienced things reflected in the brain. So what is music memory? This is people's memory of music. In other words, it refers to the brain's reaction and impression of music, which is learned, sung and appreciated.
一般来说，记忆是指人们对反映在大脑中的有经验的事物的感知。那么什么是音乐记忆?这是人们对音乐的记忆。换句话说，它指的是大脑对音乐的反应和印象，它是学习、歌唱和欣赏的。
Music memory training and improvement methods, it must be with people's general memory capacity inseparable. Memory is the brain's reflection of past experiences. The basic process of memory is to recognize, maintain, recognize and reproduce. From the perspective of information theory, it is the acceptance, storage, coding and extraction of information. Memory is a very important psychological activity, which is indispensable for people to live, work, study and even music activities. Memory is of great importance in human life, and it is a necessary condition for people to accumulate knowledge and experience to carry out advanced cognitive activities and develop psychological characteristics of personality. Without memory, all intelligent activities of man are unimaginable. Memory is the brain's ability to store and value past experience and knowledge. Generally said, people can remember some knowledge about learning and life experience, but good memory but quickly and correctly remember the necessary materials, and can timely and correctly recall, especially good at combine material knowledge experience combined with the past, into the existing knowledge system, become their spiritual wealth, so that in case of need, retrieved from the memory of the warehouse. It is an important psychological quality that is indispensable to study and work. So what is music memory? Music memory is gained by the auditory perception to the music acoustics, music image information and the structure form of the full image and overall feeling keep over a long period of time, storage in consciousness, and reflect a kind of ability, reproduce. Music memory is an essential condition for music emotional experience, imagination, creation and presentation.
音乐记忆的训练和提高方法，必须与人们的一般记忆能力密不可分。记忆是大脑对过去经验的反映。记忆的基本过程是识别、维持、识别和再现。从信息论的角度看，它是对信息的接受、存储、编码和提取。记忆是一种非常重要的心理活动，对人们的生活、工作、学习乃至音乐活动都是必不可少的。记忆在人类生活中具有重要意义，是人们积累知识和经验，开展先进的认知活动，发展人格心理特征的必要条件。没有记忆，人类所有的智能活动都是不可想象的。记忆是大脑储存和评价过去经验和知识的能力。一般说来，人们可以记住一些关于学习和生活经验的知识，但好的记忆力却能快速、正确地记住必要的材料，并能及时、正确地回忆，特别是善于将材料知识经验与过去结合起来，融入到现有的中去。知识体系，成为他们的精神财富，以便在需要的时候，从仓库的记忆中找回。它是学习和工作不可缺少的重要心理素质。那么什么是音乐记忆?音乐记忆是通过听觉对音乐声学的感知，音乐图像信息和结构形式的完整形象和整体感觉长期保持，在意识中储存，并反映出一种能力的再现。音乐记忆是音乐情感体验、想象、创作和表现的必要条件。
Music memory is produced by the process of transmitting music sound from the air to the human auditory organ, the ear. Then through the auditory nerve to the brain, to the auditory center, the production of hearing; The brain then gives commands to the speech center to pay attention to and summarize the music heard to get the impression. This is a complex psychological process. It includes such basic links as people's memory of music, retention and memory of music. Take singing a song, for instance, the students' memorization generally shown as two forms: one is students in listening to the teacher sing, explain and teach, or to grasp in their learning and memorization, this preliminary memorization; The other is to repeat and consolidate the song many times until it is completely memorized. This is called memorization. Memorization is the process of identifying songs and acquiring feelings and impressions. Memorization, students will be through the brain songs carry on the processing of memorization, systematic, and leave a mark, to establish an impression that the perception of material reserves, preserved as a result, the thinking that is maintained. The quality of students' knowledge and retention of songs is mainly tested by memory or cognition. When students were asked to sing the song again, they were able to recognize the name or tone of the song, and that was cognition.
音乐记忆是通过将音乐声音从空气中传送到人的听觉器官(耳朵)的过程产生的。然后通过听觉神经传到大脑，传到听觉中枢，产生听觉;然后大脑命令语音中枢注意和总结所听到的音乐，得到印象。这是一个复杂的心理过程。它包括人们对音乐的记忆、音乐的保留和记忆等基本环节。以唱一首歌为例，学生的记忆一般表现为两种形式：一种是学生在听老师唱歌、讲解和讲授，或是在学习和记忆中掌握，这种初步的记忆;另一种是多次重复和巩固这首歌。直到它被完全记住。这叫做记忆。记忆是识别歌曲并获得感觉和印象的过程。记忆，学生将通过脑歌进行记忆的处理，系统化，并留下印记，建立一种感知物质储备的印象，从而保存下来，保持思维。学生的知识素质和歌曲的保留主要是通过记忆或认知来测试的。当学生被要求再次唱这首歌时，他们能够识别出这首歌的名字或音调，这就是认知。
So what should be included in cultivating students' music memory? I think the content of memory is extremely rich, but it should mainly include music language and music performance. Of course, this is not the whole content of memory. It should also include the thoughts and feelings expressed by music and so on.
Memorizing music language is the core content of cultivating students' music memory. It includes memorizing the melody and rhythm of music, which are two inseparable aspects. It is necessary to remember musical phrases, music segments and music, especially to emphasize the memory of the music theme of the work. Numerous facts have proved that to understand music, we need to have a certain level of appreciation, to show and create music, and to accumulate a large number of music languages, is an essential condition. It is the same as literature, the longer the experience, the richer the language of literature, the higher the appreciation and expression, and even the creativity. Both the accumulation of literary language and music language are completed by memory.
Any music work is not a list of sounds and a stack of texture. It besides involves the melody and rhythm, often through a certain form, fitting, mode, speed, strength, color and style to express a certain life content and ideological content express inner feelings. Therefore, these are also important contents for cultivating students' music memory.
The method of cultivating students' music memory must be adopted according to the characteristics and basic rules of each link in the memory process. At the same time, we must pay attention to its relativity and flexibility. We must not adopt dogma and discard it, but determine its method from the teaching content and the reality of children.
As for the training methods, there are many methods, such as: to give full play to the advantages of the mechanical memory of children and teenagers, the method of rote memorization is adopted for some problems in music that cannot be clearly spoken. Reciting the songs in the textbook, some famous Chinese and foreign songs, excellent folk songs, etc. Central coordination "combat", mobilize various language analysis using various organs collaborative activities, lets the student with eye depending on the spectrum, listening with ears, brains and correction, to sing with my mouth, and struck with the hand, with the hand a notation, etc., conduct joint method of memory; A comparative method is adopted for the length, duration, chord, tonality, speed, strength and timbre of a sound. In order to strengthen the retention of traces, to prevent students from forgetting to have studied the work often review the consolidation of repetition and so on. In addition, imaginative method, clue method and emotional memory method can be adopted.
The method of imagination is to imagine and associate certain music works. Because the image depicted by music is the image of things in the brain when objective things do not directly affect the senses. It to pass the memories and associations, the recovery of perceived image processing related to memory, reconstruction and recombination, and rely on the teacher's narrative and describes, in the minds of the students to create new image, and develop their imagination and creative ability to imagine again, to show the features of music image. Such as singing "winter snow like a Wolf howl, mother was dressed in rags single garment", let the students to imagine "the wind", "snow", "howl," imagine "mother - single clothes" to help the student to deep understanding of the works and infectious music performance.
The clue method refers to the memory of independent, dispersed music materials. We should grasp certain clues to carry on, let the students according to the rule to remember. For example, after the length of all kinds of notes is finished, you can make a list of simple notes, notes with dots, and stop signs, and find out the internal relations and memory rules of each other. It's easy to remember a cue if you capture it -- the ratio of the time values of each note.
Emotional memory is to understand, appreciate, represent and create music works by recalling and combining people's emotional states of things they have experienced. Of course, the so-called "experienced" can be either direct experience or indirect experience. Such as children watching movies, television, books, newspapers and magazines, and listening to teachers and parents, etc.
In a word, there are many training methods, which can be used only or comprehensively. Generally speaking, through the occurrence of aesthetic, emotional, contact, their most interested, often ruminant, the deepest impression, the longest memory.
Cultivate the students' music memory, should cause our enough attention, on the one hand to make the music teaching scientization, on the other hand, to cultivate the wise, promote quality education of other subjects, has a great effect.
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